The official website of the Contra Costa (CA) school district hosts, and apparently created as an official resource, this large site about the 1944 ammunition explosion at the Port Chicago Naval facility, near San Francisco.
This incident, which killed 377 people, is a major issue with black historians because 202 of the victims were black and because some of the survivors were subsequently court-martialed for mutiny after they refused to return to loading ammunition at the facility.
The site gives an inordinate amount of favorable attention to an absolutely ludicrous, idiotic, and defamatory conspiracy theory alleging that the Port Chicago explosion was in fact a nuclear explosion and that this was a deliberate act by the US government.
This starts on the intro page. Note that the graphic accompanying the link to the section entitled "explosion" is an image of a nuclear explosion. The first of only 3 links on this page is to an online conspiracy book entitled Last Wave at Port Chicago by one Peter Vogel, which contends that the explosion was caused by an early nuclear bomb, and strongly suggests that this was a deliberate test using black servicemen as guinea pigs.
(For the record, the Port Chicago explosion occurred a full year before the first nuclear test in New Mexico and the subsequent nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Port Chicago facility was less than 25 miles from the center of San Francisco and half that from Oakland with many small communities between. The explosion occurred at 10:30 PM, when there would have been many thousands of people out on the streets of these communities in those days before television. A nuclear explosion there, especially a 20 kiloton explosion as Vogel alleges, would have blinded thousands. A surface detonation would have been exceptionally "dirty" and the incidence of radiation sickness would have been very high and very obvious, much worse than that resulting from the Hiroshima/Nagasaki airbursts. It would certainly have killed most of the people in Port Chicago who escaped the blast. Residual radioactivity would be easily detectable and identifiable, though not dangerous, today. The site is only a few miles from some of the best equipped radiological monitoring laboraties in the world.)
This transparently misleading and biased presentation continues in the section entitled "nuclear accident?". On the right, there is a lengthy list of links to conspiracy sites making the nuclear explosion claim and only one now-dead link to a rather brief rebuttal from a newsgroup poster. Note also the exclamation point after the blurb for Vogel's book---"....after 20 years of research!".
The left sidebar is much, much worse. It lists a number of conspiracist contentions as though they were facts. The opposing (that is, sane) side is represented only by the brief and rather lame note at the bottom. Note how the suggestion for a debate is framed to include the nuclear explosion claim on both sides: "You decide. - -Was this a planned nuclear explosion? An accident?"
Remember, this incredible disgusting nonsense is specifically and openly targeted at elementary school-children and this is done with official sanction. It inclues a page on California content standards, apparently to assist teachers in justifying their use of this "resource."
The author of the page is one Doug Prouty, "Educational Technology Coordinator - Contra Costa County Office of Education."
I am absolutely enraged at this, a completely lunatic, demonizing and easily disproven conspiracy claim represented as a resource for young children.
If they weren't already, Prouty's sympathies are made obvious on the timeline accompanying the Port Chicago Today page, including a lengthy list of protest actions attributed simply to "the public", a description of the Sandinista dictatorship as the "Revolutionary Government of Nicaragua," a paen to moonbat martyr Brian Willson (who lost both legs trying to block a munitions train during a pro-Sandinista demo in 1987) and links to various leftist organizations.
Vogel's central lie is that enough fissionable material for a nuclear bomb existed at the time, mid-1944, and that this was somehow covered up in all accepted histories of the Manhattan Project. This contention, in turn, rests on a scientifically illiterate claim that the "Mark 2" bomb design did not need highly enriched uranium and could have worked with material that was enriched to the lower level available at the time.
He contradicts himself by claiming that this "Mk 2" was abandoned for inefficiency after the Port Chicago "test". At the risk of belaboring the obvious, the results of the test would seem to indicate otherwise. If such a bomb worked, why wasn't it put into production and used instead of waiting a year for much smaller amounts of HEU? He does not mention the exponentially greater effort required to produce highly enriched uranium as compared to low enriched uranium.
Vogel accounts for the absence of fall-out with a classic strawman, demonstrating that this hypothetical LEU bomb would not have produced large amounts of plutonium residue and tacitly assuming that plutonium is the only hazardous component in nuclear explosion debris. This will work for his scientifically illiterate audience but not here. Any fission reaction will produce lightweight radioactive isotopes and these, not plutonium residue, are the primary hazards in fallout. How has this easily detectable debris eluded the notice of qualified physicists from nearby Cal-Berkeley for 60 years?
He also claims that the low humidity that night, recorded as 15%, would mitigate fallout. To begin with, 15% is nearly impossible on a coastline on a summer night. This sounds a lot more like a "no data" minimum entry from the Weather Service. Secondly, the mitigating effect of low humidity is relatively small, it would not eliminate fallout completely or even reduce it to a safe level. Thirdly, low humidity is not relevant to surface and especially to water bursts, simply because the enormous amount of water thrown up in the explosion would carry the debris regardless of the humidity. Keep in mind that this kind of demonizing claim is a major factor in the background beliefs of terrorists, anti-war activists, and America-hating bigots.
Many thanks, the more the better. The education system is infested with cockroaches like Prouty and, like cockroaches, they can't stand the light of day.
Agreed--this is just plain stupidity. And the obvious question is begged: why in God's name would the military allow the test explosion and subsequent destruction of facilities criitical to the ongoing war effort? The answer is of course: the military would never allow such a 'test.' This was a tragic munitions accident in which many lost their lives. I agree that the munitions handlers--many of whom were Black--do not get the credit that they deserve. Many of these folks worked outrageously hard, doing a job that few wanted to do, getting little or no credit--but they helped win a war. If it weren't for these hard working, dedidcated people, the bombs and bullets that US, Canadian, British, Russian, Liberated French, Australian and many other nations soldiers needed to fight, would not have made it to the front lines.
As for the explosion being nuclear--bull wacky! My Dad lived in Mountain View, California when this arsenal exploded. He told me stories of hearing the explosion and the subsequent rumbles. The day after, he apparently found a conical piece of steel in his backyard--which he guessed was probably from this accident. He told me it was a one inch thick piece of steel, neatly folded into a perfect cone--probably by the shockwaves from all that HE. Had this been a nuclear incident, then a lot more people would have died from fallout. The entire port facility would have been heavily contaminated--and the SOB who ordered the test would have been summarily shot for aiding the enemy.
I share your outrage--I can't believe that they pass this stuff off as 'facts' just to further their own shortsighted agenda. If antinukes want a debate--fine. A level playing field, full of facts, references, and logical arguments. This is how progress is made, and this is how we ought to do business.
The Port Chicago conspiracy claimants emphasize the alleged similarity of that explosion to a nuclear explosion, mushroom cloud, fireball thousands of feet high, etc. as though these phenomena could not possibly result from a conventional explosion.
We can prove the contrary: A few months after the Port Chicago disaster, the ammunition ship USS Mount Hood blew up in a very similar explosion at the forward base of Manu in the Admiralty Islands. The Mount Hood explosion happened in broad daylight and several cameras caught it in progress:
"Smoke cloud expanding, just after she exploded in Seeadler Harbor, Manus, Admiralty Islands, 10 November 1944. Photographed by a photographer of the 57th Construction Battalion, who had set up his camera to take pictures of the Battalion's camp.
Collection of Commander Lester B. Marx" The other ships in the photo provide scale. The one on the left edge of the cloud is a Liberty-type cargo ship, almost 500 feet long. From this, we can tell that the visible portion of the cloud is 5000 feet tall and just over a mile wide at the base. Debris is still airborne in this picture, meaning that the cloud is still expanding. The explosion killed 366 people, including all 317 on board the Mount Hood and the small craft tied up alongside.
At the above link, check out the damage to the USS Mindanao, which was anchored about 350 yards from the Mount Hood. Interestingly, this is about the same distance that the nearest survivors were to the Port Chicago blast, three civilian workmen in a wooden shed. They were uninjured though the shed was demolished.
Yes, the Mushroom cloud is an effect relating to fluid dynamics in that it is a bouyancy driven convection process (although with a nuclear explosion this is enhanced in an air burst because of Mach reflcetion of the blast wave from thew ground, but that is nitpicking!) You will get this whenever there is a large heat energy release--thus forest fires can generate them (I have personally withnessed a large mushroom cloud from a 'controlled' logging slash burn that got way out of hand--it is pretty darn impressive!) Large explosions whether nuclear or chemical. Large volcanic eruptions--look at pictures of Mount Pinatubo erupting! Large meteorite impacts will also generate a mushroom shaped cloud.
Just because a mushroom cloud is evident--does not infact imply a nuclear explosion was responsible. Now if a brilliant flash preceded the fireball--and radiological 'fallout' is detected, then a nuclear explosion would be indicated. But humanity has been witness to some pretty spectacular chemical explosions--one of the most recent was the Morton Thiokol solid rocket propellant plant in Nevada back in the 1990's. A fire quickly spread to a huge bin of Ammonium Perchlorate--the heat and pressure finally resulted in some spectacular detonations witnessed and videod by mountain climbers miles away. The video clearly showed the blast waves racing across the desert after each detonation. A ship loaded with thousands of tons of munitions exploding, I am quite sure would feel like a nuke going off if one were unlucky enough to be somewhere nearby. But the total absence of fission product fallout would make such an event definately non-nuclear.
Indeed, any large explosion will produce a mushroom cloud! It is a convection effect whos dynamics was (as far as I am aware) first described accuratly by Pliny the younger in an eye witness account of the eruption of vesuvius
Of course that mushroom cloud contained millions of tons of volcanic ash which eventually collapsed into a pyroclastic flow once it had run out of steam! (which I think was also described by Pliny, Amazingly Pyroclastic flows have only recently been "Redescovererd" by volcanologists) Normal mushroon clouds just desperse once they have cooled down.
(With this in mind it is worth remembering that there is nothing new under the sun! As far back as the history of civilisation goes there have been clever engineers and scientists who have had a pretty good idea about what is going on. Though The likes of Archemedes and DaVinci would have been initially taken aback by the power of nuclear reactions, once that little detail was overcome, they would have been completly at home with the Orion concept. If Nuclear explosives had been discovererd 100 years earlier I have no doubt that Brunell or Stephenson would have attempted to build one!)